A comprehensive optimal energy control in interconnected microgrids through multiport converter under N?1 criterion and demand response program

Nowadays, the local distribution grids have been facing technical, economic, and regulatory challenges, because of increased integration renewable energy sources (RESs) electrification vehicles. The traditional solutions to grid expansion, e.g., build an additional power line, are utility-centered solutions, i.e., operators (DSOs) only party involved tackle issues. DSOs engage users with technology providers develop innovative that one problem overcome several cost-effectively. This paper presents a holistic solution optimally control cross-sectoral flow between interconnected microgrids (MGs) consisting different RESs, hydroelectric plant (HPP) wind turbines (WTs) meet electric vehicles (EVs), residential, commercial industrial demands main contribution. issue will provide advantages community-based MGs for trading which causes active engaged system, however, adequate strategy proper operation is required. proposed based on new interconnection line two through multiport converter (MPC) techno-economic consideration newly installed components such as MPC, cables required battery storage system (BESS). case study evaluated under three conditions load increment, demand response (DR) N-1 criterion in separate, interconnect island modes. CPLEX solver GAMS software employed solve mixed-integer linear programming model. results show applied compared separated mode can decrease system's total costs, reduce peak upstream grid, enhance reliability conditions. Furthermore, provides ability even full day (24 h).